Vermont's Nonprofit Sector: Works Cited

Two statewide surveys conducted by the Center for Rural Studies at the University of Vermont served as the foundation for most of the data included in Vermont's Nonprofit Sector. Click here to view the results of these surveys. For all other sources included in the report, please refer to the works cited below. 

By the Numbers (p. 2-3)

Total number of nonprofits: Internal Revenue Service, Exempt Organizations Business Master File (501(c)(3) Public Charities, 2010, Jan); The Urban Institute, National Center for Charitable Statistics, http://nccsdataweb.urban.org, 2010.

*Includes organizations that filed a Form 990, 990-EZ, 990-PF since 2008, 990-N ePostcard within 24 months of the BMF release date, as reported in NCCS Core Files and IRS Business Master Files, or have filed equivalent forms for state recognition of nonprofit status.

Total annual revenue of nonprofit sector (data compiled from three sources): Internal Revenue Service, Exempt Organizations Business Master File (501(c)(3) Public Charities, 2010, Jan); The Urban Institute, National Center for Charitable Statistics, http://nccsdataweb.urban.org, 2010; and University of Vermont & State Agricultural College, Annual Financial Report, 2008.

Percentage of Vermont GSP generated by nonprofit sector: Based on a calculation of GDP figures sourced from US Bureau of Economic Analysis, 2008.

Number of nonprofits per 1,000 Vermonters: Based on a calculation of figures sourced from U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division, 2009; Internal Revenue Service, Exempt Organizations Business Master File (501(c)(3) Public Charities, 2010, Jan); and The Urban Institute, National Center for Charitable Statistics, http://nccsdataweb.urban.org, 2010.

Breakdown of sector by operating budget: The Center for Rural Studies, University of Vermont, “Non-Profit Executive’s Perceptions of the Vermont Non-Profit Sector”, 2010.

Breakdown of sector by issue area (data compiled from three sources): Internal Revenue Service, Exempt Organizations Business Master File (501(c)(3) Public Charities, 2010, Jan); The Urban Institute, National Center for Charitable Statistics, http://nccsdataweb.urban.org, 2010; and University of Vermont & State Agricultural College, Annual Financial Report, 2009.

Breakdown of sector by county: Internal Revenue Service, Exempt Organizations Business Master File (501(c)(3) Public Charities, 2010, Jan); The Urban Institute, National Center for Charitable Statistics, http://nccsdataweb.urban.org, 2010. 

Average contribution per itemized Vermont return: Internal Revenue Service Data Book, 2008, Individual Master File System, Statistics of Income Division, IRS, Washington DC, May 2010.

Volunteer data: The Corporation for National & Community Service, http://www.volunteeringinamerica.gov, 2010. 

Nonprofit Awareness (p.4)

Schlesinger M., S. Mitchell, and B. Gray. "Restoring Public Legitimacy to the Nonprofit Sector: A Survey Experiment Using Descriptions of Nonprofit Ownership." Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. 2004, 33(4): 673-710

Light, Paul C. "Sustaining Nonprofit Performance: the Case for Capacity Building and the Evidence to Support It." Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution, 2004.

Confidence in Quality (p.7)

Light, Paul C. “How Americans View Charities: A Report on Charitable Confidence, 2008.” Brookings Institution, Governance Studies Issue Paper.

Confidence in Efficiency (p.8)

Light, Paul C. “How Americans View Charities: A Report on Charitable Confidence, 2008.” Brookings Institution, Governance Studies Issue Paper.

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